2. Area Resource File as of February 1996, Office of Research and Planning, Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Population data are for 1995; income data are for 1993.

3. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 1997. Data are for 1994.

4. Area Resource File as of February 1996, Office of Research and Planning, Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Data are based on a five-year average for 1988-1992.

5. American Hospital Association, database of the 1995 Annual Survey of Hospitals. Figures do not include long-term care units in hospitals. Physician estimates are based on the 1996 American Medical Association Master File and 1996 Master File of the American Osteopathic Association, excluding some specialists (radiology, anesthesiology, pathology), residents and fellows.

6. McDonough, John E., Christie L. Hager and Brian Rosman. Health Care Reform Stages a Comeback in Massachusetts. 336(2) NEJM 148-151. January 9, 1997.

7. Ibid.

8. InterStudy Competitive Edge Regional Market Analysis 6.2, February 1997.

9. Massachusetts Hospital Association, Caring for People into the 21st Century. September 1995, p. 4.

10. Harvard Pilgrim Nixes Staff-Model HMO; MD Group Will Contract with Others. Atlantic Information Services. Managed Care Week. Washington, DC, November 25, 1996.