1. InterStudy Competitive Edge Regional Market Analysis 6.2, February 1997.

2. Area Resource File as of February 1996, Office of Research and Planning, Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

3. Ibid.

4. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 1997, and Area Resource File as of February 1996, Office of Research and Planning, Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

5. American Hospital Association, database of the 1995 Annual Survey of Hospitals. Figures do not include long-term care units in hospitals.

6. Estimates are based on the 1996 American Medical Association Master File and 1996 American Osteopathic Association, Master File. Includes physicians in direct patient care, excluding some specialties (radiology, anesthesiology, pathology), residents and fellows.

7. Greater Phoenix Blue Chip Economic Forecast, Economic Outlook Center, Arizona State University, August 1996.

8. Phoenix Chamber of Commerce, 1995-1996 Community Economic Report.

9. Snyder, J., "Hospital Chain Scuttles Good Samaritan Merger," Arizona Republic, July 16, 1997.

10. House Ways and Means Committee, 1996 Green Book.

11. Overview of the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System, July 1996.

12. McCall, N., C.W. Wrightson, L. Paringer, G. Trapnell, "Managed Medicaid Cost Savings: The Arizona Experience," Health Affairs, Spring, 1994, pp. 234-44.

13. Beginning in 1997, the bid cycle was to be extended to a five-year contract period.

14. Government Accounting Office (GAO), Arizona Medicaid: Competition Among Managed Care Plans Lowers Program Costs, October 1995.

15. McClay, "Hospital of Last Resort? Safety Net Plans Pose Questions" Arizona Republic, December 8, 1996.

16. Lewin Group calculations based on Uniform Accounting Reports filed with the Arizona Department of Health Services.

17. Lewin Group calculations based on Uniform Accounting Reports and hospital income statement data.

18. Arizona Republic, December 8, 1996.